转帖：“小小说文体形式感”的凝练与创新
<table cellpadding="0" width="100%" border="0" style="WIDTH: 100%; mso-cellspacing: 1.5pt;"><tbody><tr><td valign="top" width="100%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">“小小说文体形式感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">的凝练与创新</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">——</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman';">序李永康《生命是美丽的》</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">刘海涛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;"><p></p></span></p><div class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font size="3"><hr align="center" width="100%" color="#909cd7" noshade="noshade" size="1"/></font></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></p></td></tr><tr><td valign="top" width="100%" style="BORDER-RIGHT: #ece9d8; PADDING-RIGHT: 0.75pt; BORDER-TOP: #ece9d8; PADDING-LEFT: 0.75pt; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0.75pt; BORDER-LEFT: #ece9d8; WIDTH: 100%; PADDING-TOP: 0.75pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: #ece9d8; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 9.0pt;"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李永康的创作资源在哪里呢？我读完《生命是美丽的 李永康精短小说选》后可能可以部分地回答这个问题了。从《十二岁出门》、《生命是美丽的》等一批叙述乡村生活、抒写少年成长的作品来看，李永康有过一段贫困艰辛、但又锲而不舍地去追求一种生活美和艺术美的经历。这一段生活使他刻骨铭心、不吐不快，不但成为了他日后创作时挖掘不尽的素材，而且还成为了他专注于探索小小说形式与内容创新的动力和源泉。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">每一个人可能都有别人很难重复的少年经历，但并不是每一个人都能把自己的少年经历和体验化为小小说。这里面应该有一种敏感的、善于发现和体味生活中真善美的创作心理结构。李永康凭借着这种创作心理结构，他真切地捕捉并强化了文学对一个乡村少年的灵魂所起的净化作用和激励功能（《生命是美丽的》）；他在一个</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">12</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">岁少年个人独闯</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">70</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">里山路的描写中，贯穿一种人在成长中必定要经历的美好想像和动人情愫（《十二岁出门》）。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">光有别人很难重复的少年艰辛经历和生活诗美体验还不一定能写出感人的、意蕴丰厚的优秀小小说。这里面有一个成年后的李永康要不断地觉醒自己的小小说文体意识，不断地凝练自己的小小说文体形式感，用小小说的构思方式和表达方式来再现那种伴随着生命体验的少年记忆和真善美体验。从这一点来说，我看到了、也很欣赏李永康的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小小说形式感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的强力体现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李永康非常善于使用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小小说的对比构思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。在《沧桑泪》里，是做儿子的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">与做父亲的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">他</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">在那一句</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我说他是瞎子就是瞎子</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的核心细节里，展现了那惊人的对比。</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李永康也喜欢用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重复式构思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">。那篇《孤独的夜晚》，三次重复写到拨随意组合的电话，而三个电话的主人与叙述者的对话却无一例外地共同概括了今天带有规律性的生活。在《路》里，李永康一而再、再而三地重复写</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的高考落榜，但在作品的结尾却用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">我</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">办砖厂成功，成为了拥有上千万资产和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">MBA</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">学位的结局反衬了前三次的高考失败，这种小小说特有的有变化的重复再鲜明不过地提示了</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">找对自己的成功之路</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的深刻底蕴。小小说的文体形式感有相当多是通过这种</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">对比式构思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">重复式构思</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">等特有的小小说构思方式来实现的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李永康</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">小小说文体形式感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的凝练，还体现在他活用了一些小小说历史上的经典名篇，并把它们当作展现小小说智慧、揭示小小说文体历史的新方式。《二十世纪末微型小说界一场将起未起的官司》写到了：司玉笙《书法家》里那个只能写好</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">同意</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">二字的高局长在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">年后退休做了当地的书法家协会主席，他的可笑言行再次令人们捧腹。白小易的《客厅里的爆炸》的情节在《误读》里有了不可避免的相似的地方和不相似的地方。把一些小小说历史名篇当作小小说创作的部分资源，并进行创造性的想象、机智化的构思，这可以说是李永康小小说</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文体形式感</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">的一种创新性呈现。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span></font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">至于像《探监》等作品，在叙述一个大家都比较熟悉的反腐故事时却因采用了虚拟读者的介入方法使得一个熟悉的小说故事和小小说文体变得新奇和陌生起来。《大树》的故事因为从一个死人的视角出之，也使得这篇小小说的人物和故事飘逸起来。上述各种小小说新手法的试验，给了读者一个这样的印象：李永康的小小说常常是用一些经典的、或者新潮的小小说构思方法来处理那些自童年、少年以来以及是成年后的独特的生活真善美的体验，造成了李永康的小小说在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">文体形式</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">上有许多聚焦性凝练和创新性呈现，在表现少年体验上有许多一以贯之，并能形成自己突出的小小说的个性和风格。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><br/><font face="Times New Roman"> <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span> </font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">李永康热爱小小说，执着于中国小小说事业的发展和繁荣。他不但自己潜心创作小小说，而且还组织了一个以小小说为主的</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">“</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">微篇文学研究会</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">”</font></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">，克服许多难以想像的困难，坚持数年办了一份《微篇文学》报。他的工作和事业吸引了业内人的无数眼球；他的执着精神常常成为小小说界朋友评点的对象；他的激情和理想也将成为我们每一个小小说文友前进的力量。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt;"><p></p></span></p><p class="MsoBodyTextIndent" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="2"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 楷体_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman";">（刘海涛：中国写作学会副会长、郑州小小说学会副会长、广东湛江作家协会主席、广东湛江师范学院副院长、教授）</span><span lang="EN-US"><p></p></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 9pt;"><font face="Times New Roman"> <span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体;"><p></p></span></font></p></td></tr></tbody></table> :L
页:
[1]